Information om | Engelska ordet BILATERIANS

Exempel på hur man kan använda BILATERIANS i en mening

• Nearly all bilaterians maintain a bilaterally symmetrical body as adults; the most notable exception is the echinoderms, which extend to pentaradial symmetry as adults, but are only bilaterally symmetrical as an embryo.
• Other animals such as bilaterians produce a third layer (the mesoderm) between these two layers, making them triploblastic.
• Phylogenetic studies claim that in ancient bilaterians such as Platynereis dumerilii there is a co-existence of norepinephrine, tyramine and octopamine receptor signaling.
• Some have argued that the presence of bilateral symmetry in these anthozoans is evidence that the ancestor to bilaterians and cnidarians may have had a bilaterally symmetrical body plan (Finnerty 2003).
• Typically, there is also an internal digestive chamber with either one opening (in Ctenophora, Cnidaria, and flatworms) or two openings (in most bilaterians).
• In the study of the evolution of nervous systems, NUCB2 together with SMIM20 have been found to have deep homology across all lineages that preceded creatures with central nervous systems, bilaterians, cnidarians, ctenophores, and sponges as well as in choanoflagellates.
• Scientists currently think cnidarians, ctenophores and bilaterians are more closely related to calcareous sponges than these are to other sponges, and that anthozoans are the evolutionary "aunts" or "sisters" of other cnidarians, and the most closely related to bilaterians.
• Molecular clocks detect the radiation of three major clades of bilaterians – lophotrochozoans, deuterostomes, and ecdysozoans – during the early Cambrian.
• Xenacoelomorpha: are they deuterostomes, forming a clade Xenambulacraria together with echinoderms and hemichordates, or rather primitive bilaterians and a sister group to Nephrozoa?.
• Simple nerve nets seen in acoels (basal bilaterians) and cnidarians are thought to be the ancestral condition for the Planulozoa (bilaterians plus cnidarians and, perhaps, placozoans).
• These Ediacaran organisms were progressively outcompeted by bilaterians who anchored into the microbial mat of the ocean floor with their basal bulbs and possibly evolved a symbiosis with photoautotrophic or chemoautophrophic microorganisms.
• Brazilian trace fossils associated with later bilaterians, found 30-40m above a bed radiometrically dated to 555 Ma, are thought to be younger than Ikaria.
• Tetraneuralia is a proposed clade of spiralian bilaterians uniting the phyla Mollusca and Entoprocta.

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