Definition & Betydelse | Engelska ordet CHROMOSOMES

Definition av CHROMOSOMES

1. böjningsform av chromosome

Exempel på hur man kan använda CHROMOSOMES i en mening

• For example, humans have a diploid genome that usually contains 22 pairs of autosomes and one allosome pair (46 chromosomes total).
• Asexual reproduction is a type of reproduction that does not involve the fusion of gametes or change in the number of chromosomes.
• In most chromosomes, the very long thin DNA fibers are coated with nucleosome-forming packaging proteins; in eukaryotic cells the most important of these proteins are the histones.
• During mitosis and meiosis, chromatin facilitates proper segregation of the chromosomes in anaphase; the characteristic shapes of chromosomes visible during this stage are the result of DNA being coiled into highly condensed chromatin.
• These events include the growth of the cell, duplication of its DNA (DNA replication) and some of its organelles, and subsequently the partitioning of its cytoplasm, chromosomes and other components into two daughter cells in a process called cell division.
• Episomes manage this by replicating together with the rest of the genome and subsequently associating with metaphase chromosomes during mitosis.
• It is a haploid multicellular organism that develops from a haploid spore that has one set of chromosomes.
• Cell division by mitosis is an equational division which gives rise to genetically identical cells in which the total number of chromosomes is maintained.
• Here sets of chromosomes refers to the number of maternal and paternal chromosome copies, respectively, in each homologous chromosome pair—the form in which chromosomes naturally exist.
• Retroposons are repetitive DNA fragments which are inserted into chromosomes after they had been reverse transcribed from any RNA molecule.
• Typically, women are of the female sex and inherit a pair of X chromosomes, one from each parent, and fertile women are capable of pregnancy and giving birth from puberty until menopause.
• In eukaryotes, there are two distinct types of cell division: a vegetative division (mitosis), producing daughter cells genetically identical to the parent cell, and a cell division that produces haploid gametes for sexual reproduction (meiosis), reducing the number of chromosomes from two of each type in the diploid parent cell to one of each type in the daughter cells.
• Most organisms that reproduce sexually have pairs of chromosomes in each cell, with one of each type of chromosome inherited from each parent.
• The human genome is a complete set of nucleic acid sequences for humans, encoded as the DNA within each of the 24 distinct chromosomes in the cell nucleus.
• The horse and the donkey are different species, with different numbers of chromosomes; of the two possible first-generation hybrids between them, the mule is easier to obtain and more common than the hinny, which is the offspring of a male horse (a stallion) and a female donkey (a jenny).
• Most Vitis species have 38 chromosomes (n=19), but 40 (n=20) in subgenus Muscadinia, while Ampelocissus, Parthenocissus, and Ampelopsis also have 40 chromosomes (n=20) and Cissus has 24 chromosomes (n=12).
• In most, if not all species possessing them, they protect the terminal regions of chromosomal DNA from progressive degradation and ensure the integrity of linear chromosomes by preventing DNA repair systems from mistaking the very ends of the DNA strand for a double-strand break.
• From the late 1920s, McClintock studied chromosomes and how they change during reproduction in maize.
• Einkorn is a diploid species (2n = 14 chromosomes) of hulled wheat, with tough glumes ('husks') that tightly enclose the grains.
• Polyploidy is a condition in which the cells of an organism have more than two paired sets of (homologous) chromosomes.

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