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• The volcanoes lie on the northwest side of Tskhouk volcano and are constructed on a volcanic basement or rhyolites, basaltic andesites and dacites.
• Most of the volume of the range is composed of pre-caldera basalts, andesites, and dacites of the Keres Group and Polvadera Group, but there are extensive outflow sheets of the Bandelier Tuff and young rhyolites associated with caldera resurgence, all assigned to the Tewa Group.
• The Gawler Ranges Volcanics were also erupted at remarkably high temperatures (~950-1100 °C) for felsic magmas, and this, coupled with their very high halogen (particularly F and Cl) compositions resulted in low viscosity (runny) magmas when compared to typical rhyolites and dacites which are generally several hundred degrees cooler.
• The rocks of the suture zone consist of an ophiolite mélanges composed of Neotethys oceanic crustal flyschs and ophiolites; the Dras Volcanics: which are basalts, dacites and minor radiolarian cherts – the remains of a mid- to late Mesozoic volcanic island arc; and the Indus Molasse which are an Eocene or later continental clastic sediments.
• Geologically these two volcanoes contain the same rock types as those found elsewhere in the Cascade Arc, including rhyolites, dacites, andesites and basaltic andesites.
• The occurrence of such basic magmas in a volcanic setting dominated by dacites appears to be a consequence of local tectonics, which involve the extension of the crust compared to the compressional regime farther west.
• The southwestern part of the regency (Salaman and southern Borobudur district) has breccia, andesite, dacites, tuffs, and agglomerate stones, which are part of the Old Andesite Formation.
• During the time of the Polan eruption on the west flank, magma output was spatially segregated with the peripheral Miño Volcano generating andesite lavas and the more central volcanos generating dacites.
• Changes in magma composition are also noticeable across the gap; the volcanoes of the southernmost Southern Volcanic Zone have erupted basalt and basaltic andesite with subordinate andesite, dacite and rhyolite, while the volcanoes of the Austral Volcanic Zone have erupted adakitic hornblende andesites and dacites.
• They have acid composition that consist of dacites, rhyodacites, rhyolites and granophyres and carry basic patches.
• The main cone is formed by dacites and block and ash flows that were later intruded by dacitic porphyries, associated with hydrothermal alteration.
• Lava of this nature, like basalt, is usually associated with less explosive eruptions; more viscous lavas with lower mafic content, like dacites and rhyolites, can also flow, but tend to be more closely associated with eruptions of greater explosiveness and the formation of pyroclastics.
• At least four different magmatic series has been discovered around Tequila volcano: the Santa Rosa intraplate basalts; a group of vitreous domes and flows of dacitic to rhyolitic compositions, pyroxene andesites and dacites with strong subduction signatures; and amphibole bearing andesites that erupted through the flanks of the main cone.
• These are exposed in an erosional window of Lower Volcanic Series (LVS) andesite domes, flows, tuff and agglomerate, surrounded by Upper Volcanic Series (UVS) rhyolites and dacites.
• Samples obtained from Orca seamount were identified as basalt and basaltic andesites, suggesting the existence of more differentiated products, such as dacites or rhyolites.
• Puyehue was characterized by eruption of basaltic andesites to dacites until its activity turned bimodal at around 34,000 years ago.
• The mountain was built up during the late Quaternary period and is made up of andesites, dacites and rhyolites.
• During this flare-up it erupted primarily dacites with subordinate amounts of rhyolites and andesites.
• In the case of the CVZ, this addition generates magmas that are further modified by the thick crust in the area, forming andesites, dacites and rhyolites.
• Andesites form the bulk of the products with subordinate dacites, as well as some rhyodacites which are found in the eastern part of the field, where the explosive activity took place.

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