Definition & Betydelse | Engelska ordet MERITOCRACY

Definition av MERITOCRACY

1. meritokrati

Exempel på hur man kan använda MERITOCRACY i en mening

• Although the concept of meritocracy has existed for centuries, the first known use of the term was by sociologist Alan Fox in the journal Socialist Commentary in 1956.
• Goh also advocated for the Edusave Awards, a monetary reward for students who did well in school based on either their academic achievements or character to enshrine meritocracy.
• This ideology, which Lipset called "Americanism", but is often also referred to as "American exceptionalism", is based on liberty, individualism, republicanism, democracy, meritocracy, and laissez-faire economics; these principles are sometimes collectively referred to as "American exceptionalism".
• Mark Malloch Brown, the former administrator of the United Nations Development Programme, attributes the inefficiency of the UN administration to the "disconnect between the merit and reward" and further advocates "reconnecting merit to make the UN again an international meritocracy" to overcome the problem.
• Criticisms of noocracy in all its forms – including technocracy, meritocracy, and epistocracy (the focus of Jason Brennan's oft-cited book) – range from support of direct democracy instead to proposed alterations to our consideration of representation in democracy.
• Muna's political heritage includes the reunification of Cameroon but he is most remembered as a man who had a steadfast belief in hard work and meritocracy and persistently resisted the temptation to give sinecures to his tribesmen and friends, thus fighting the tribalism and nepotism which haunts most African countries today, including Muna's successors in power.
• He did so by implementing enlightenment ideals—except for any that would have resulted in democratizing the Russian government, tolerating political or religious dissent, or encouraging the free growth of thought or ideas; establishing the Julian calendar; reorganizing the Russian army in the European style; establishing a meritocracy (as opposed to the previous system of delineating positions by aristocratic lineage); outlawing or taxing beards (which were common among the Old Believers); etc.
• The National Security League (NSL) was an American patriotic, nationalistic, nonprofit, nonpartisan organization that supported a greatly-expanded military based upon universal service, the naturalization and Americanization of immigrants, Americanism, meritocracy, and government regulation of the economy to enhance national preparedness.
• Among his numerous plays in Latin are Susanna, (Augsburg 1537; Zurich 1538), originally written in German but recast in Latin so as to make an essentially new play; De vera nobilitate, a dramatized version of Buonaccorso da Montemagno's Dialogus de nobilitate concerning meritocracy and the inherent virtues of the nobility, recast by Betuleius in play form, still in Latin, and published at Augsburg in 1538; and Sapientia Solomonis ("the Wisdom of Solomon"), published at Basel in 1547; an adapted version was acted before Queen Elizabeth and Princess Cecilia of Sweden in their common language, Latin, 17 January 1565.
• Concessions to populists of post-imperial meritocracy movements shifted power to industrialism and to the House of Commons.
• Elitists tend to favor social systems such as technocracy, combined with meritocracy and/or plutocracy, as opposed to political egalitarianism and populism.
• The Strange Death of Tory England had previously been used as a title by Anne Applebaum for an article published the day after the 2001 general election; the article, much like Wheatcroft's book that would follow it four years later, aimed to analyse the Conservative Party's political fortunes (though primarily in the context of the aforementioned 2001 election), with Applebaum attributing much of the party's poor performance to changes within both internal party culture (namely, Thatcherism's promotion of meritocracy and entrepreneurship being at odds with traditional Conservative support for institutions such as the monarchy that have little or no emphasis on meritocracy, and the party's image as the natural party of rural England being eroded by the fielding of self-made and/or urban candidates in rural constituencies instead of the usual "country gents") and broader national culture (which Applebaum claimed had become more interested in modern mass culture, particularly if American in origin, than traditional English culture and history).
• Key themes which emerge from these lists as characteristic of developmental cultures are: trust in the individual with a fostering of individual strengths; the ability for free thinking in an open, safe environment; importance of questioning/innovation; law is supreme and holds the power; future orientated time frame with an emphasis on achievable, practical goals; meritocracy; an autonomous mindset within the larger world; strong work ethic is highly valued and rewarded; a microeconomic focus; and a value that is non-economic, but not anti-economic, which is always wanting.
• He is also implied to be a self-made man of humble origins (Mannion calls him the "Gorbals Goebbels", seemingly in reference to his hometown), a firm believer in meritocracy and a staunch opponent of classism and cronyism, e.
• Goga's own rapid ascent embodied the political aspirations of his fellow writers, who believed in an intellectual meritocracy: Mihail Sadoveanu motivated his decision to join the PP as a need to strengthen the intellectuals' direct presence in politics; from the outside, Camil Petrescu pressured Goga (unsuccessfully so) to legislate the "dictatorship of intellectual labor".
• Philosopher Michael Sandel critiques Hamilton for its oversimplistic multiculturalism, avoidance of discussions on Hamilton's financial doctrines, and a blind embrace of liberal meritocracy in his 2022 edition of Democracy's Discontent.
• Political meritocracy has come under similar criticism to epistocracy, offering a too pessimistic account of voter competence, overestimating the ability of meritocratic procedures to select more able and virtuous leaders, and underestimating the dangers of removing democratic elections and leaving political officials unaccountable to the public.
• In their version, it included references to a hereditary monarch, or Domnitor; representative government and meritocracy; a limited Ottoman rule with adherence to the Capitulations; and full respect for the property rights.
• The book takes up the law, economics, and politics of human capital to identify the mechanisms through which meritocracy breeds inequality, and to expose the burdens that meritocratic inequality imposes on all who fall within meritocracy's orbit.
• The foundational conviction of the United States as a meritocracy, combined with neoliberalism's presumed impersonal, nondiscriminatory, rational markets, and colorblindness's presumed racial equality, forms the characterized racial and colorblind logic and viewpoint, or the illusion of inclusion, for European-Americans.

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