Definition, Betydelse & Synonymer | Engelska ordet MONOSACCHARIDE

Definition av MONOSACCHARIDE

1. (biokemi) monosackarid, enkel sockerart

Exempel på hur man kan använda MONOSACCHARIDE i en mening

• They are long-chain polymeric carbohydrates composed of monosaccharide units bound together by glycosidic linkages.
• An aldose is a monosaccharide (a simple sugar) with a carbon backbone chain with a carbonyl group on the endmost carbon atom, making it an aldehyde, and hydroxyl groups connected to all the other carbon atoms.
• It is rich in the carbohydrate inulin (8 to 13%), which is a polymer of the monosaccharide fructose.
• For example, a monosaccharide with three carbon atoms (triose), such as the D-Glyceraldehyde depicted above, has a tetrahedral geometry, with C2 at its center, and can be rotated in space so that the carbon chain is vertical with C1 at the top, and the horizontal bonds connecting C2 with the Hydrogen and the Hydroxide are both slanted toward the viewer.
• All monosaccharide ketoses are reducing sugars, because they can tautomerize into aldoses via an enediol intermediate, and the resulting aldehyde group can be oxidised, for example in the Tollens' test or Benedict's test.
• Arabinose is an aldopentose – a monosaccharide containing five carbon atoms, and including an aldehyde (CHO) functional group.
• Xylose is classified as a monosaccharide of the aldopentose type, which means that it contains five carbon atoms and includes an aldehyde functional group.
• The essential feature of a glycolipid is the presence of a monosaccharide or oligosaccharide bound to a lipid moiety.
• Lactulose is contraindicated in case of galactosemia, as most preparations contain the monosaccharide galactose due to its synthesis process.
• Xylulose is a ketopentose, a monosaccharide containing five carbon atoms, and including a ketone functional group.
• Ribulose is a ketopentose — a monosaccharide containing five carbon atoms, and including a ketone functional group.
• Glycals can be formed as pyranose (six-membered) or furanose (five-membered) rings, depending on the monosaccharide used as a starting material to synthesize the glycal.
• The reaction of periodic acid oxidizes the vicinal diols in these sugars, usually breaking up the bond between two adjacent carbons not involved in the glycosidic linkage or ring closure in the ring of the monosaccharide units that are parts of the long polysaccharides, and creating a pair of aldehydes at the two free tips of each broken monosaccharide ring.
• Lyxose is an aldopentose — a monosaccharide containing five carbon atoms, and including an aldehyde functional group.
• It is the only possible diose, a 2-carbon monosaccharide, although a diose is not strictly a saccharide.
• Each deoxyribonucleotide comprises three parts: a deoxyribose sugar (monosaccharide), a nitrogenous base, and one phosphoryl group.
• Glucocerebroside (also called glucosylceramide) is any of the cerebrosides in which the monosaccharide head group is glucose.
• Dithioerythritol (DTE) is a sulfur containing sugar alcohol derived from the corresponding 4-carbon monosaccharide erythrose.
• Saccharification is a term in biochemistry for denoting any chemical change wherein a monosaccharide molecule remains intact after becoming unbound from another saccharide.
• Exoglycosidases are glycoside hydrolase enzymes that cleave the glycosidic linkage of a terminal monosaccharide in an oligosaccharide or polysaccharide.

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