Synonymer & Anagram | Engelska ordet NARIS

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• The alar part (dilator naris muscle) arises from the maxilla over the lateral incisor and inserts into the greater alar cartilage.
• Macronarians are named after the large diameter of the nasal opening of their skull, known as the external naris, which exceeded the size of the orbit, the skull opening where the eye is located (hence macro- meaning large, and –naria meaning nose).
• Also present are interpterygoid , and a pair of palatal tusks within the vomer which lay medially to the internal naris.
• The orbits are also quite far apart on the skull and are surrounded by 5 bones (ithe lacrimal, pre- and postfrontal, postorbital, and jugal, with the jugal being distinctly larger than the other 4), while the external naris is on the most anterior portion of the skull.
• Schoch & Milner (2014) provide nine characters in their diagnosis of Acheloma: (1) toothed crest on the vomer extending medial to the internal naris; (2) constricted otic notch with nearly horizontal ventral margin; (3) preorbital region twice as long as the skull table; (4) naris twice as long as the orbit; (5) posterior skull table wide and posterolaterally expanded; (6) skull margin widens at level of and posterior to orbit; (7) palatine and ectopterygoid with tall fangs; (8) large intervomerine fenestra; and (9) choana elongate and curved with a Y-shaped contour.
• It is diagnosed by the following features: (1) proportionately long, U-shaped skull and elongate premaxillae; (2) relatively posteriorly situated nares; (3) dorsal exposure of septomaxilla replaced by nasal and maxilla, which contact posterior to the naris, excluding the lacrimal; (4) quadratojugal expanded but without spikes; (5) tabular posteriorly expanded; (6) long suture between squamosal and tabular.
• The skull contains both infra- and supraorbital sensory sulci, the infraorbital sulcus is located on the maxilla and runs posteriorly to the lacrimal while the supraorbital sulcus extends anteriorly to the naris.
• In 1974, American paleontologist John Bolt published two papers, one describing the first trematopid material from the fossil-rich site near Richards Spur, Oklahoma, and the a second exploring the function of the elongate naris in trematopids.
• The skull is low, orbit medium-sized, dorsal profile of skull only weakly concave; premaxilla and dentary with well developed grooves extending in an alternating fashion from the fossa praemaxillaris and fossa dentalis; maxilla short anteriorly, not reaching far beyond external naris, taking part in the formation of external naris and ventral orbital margin, separating lacrimal and jugal; jugal robust and short, not extending beyond anterior orbital margin; squamosal large, forming most of the posterior margin of cheek region and reaching down to ventral margin of cheek, processus quadratus of quadratojugal thus apparently separated from main body of bone; prefrontal and postfrontal subequal in size; external naris large, of triangular shape; posterior maxillary dentition reduced; teeth robust and crenulated in typical fashion, without carinae; 44 presacral vertebrae, 88 preflexural vertebrae; postflexural segment of tail very long and flexible; neural arches of posterior thoracal region very low with expanded processus spinosi; rib articulations of thorax unicipital posteriorly; forefin with three primary digits, fourth digit postaxial, one accessory digit; third digit subdivided into 3 secondary rays; no notches in leading edge of forefin; digits of the forefin fanning out distally; most autopodial elements rounded and widely spaced; pelvis tripartite; ilium with anterior spine-like process; pubis slender and curved; ischium broad and subrectangular; hindfin tridactyl, most elements of first digit notched.
• Separating the anteroventral process of the nasal from the posterolateral process of the premaxilla, eusauropods also have a long maxilla that forms the posteroventral margin of the external naris.
• The naris is confluent with the antorbital fenestra, but these large openings are still partly separated by a broad and anteriorly directed processus nasalis which has itself a small vertical tear-shaped opening.
• Globidentosuchus differentiates from other caimanines in several areas, such as; a fused external naris that was not bisected by the nasals, the smooth skull with weak preorbital ridges and no rostral or interorbital ridges, in strong contrast to the strong ridges in gavialoids and some caimans.
• Lack of occipitalis, frontalis, dilator naris, levator labii superioris, interspinales cervicis, gluteus minimus, extensor digitorum pedi brevis, and transversalis pedi.
• macrorhinus: (1) naris extending posterior to the septomaxilla, with the shape of a sideways '8'; (2) narrow interorbital distance; (3) large postfrontal; (4) frontal twice as wide anteriorly as it is posteriorly; (5) large denticle field extending onto the base of the cultriform process; (6) slender basipterygoid process of the pterygoid extending onto the basal plate of the parasphenoid.
• According to the describing authors, Acresuchus is a "caimanine with a medium-sized body, teeth with smooth (non-serrated) carinae, orbits large in comparison with other caimanines, having roughly straight margins that are larger than the infratemporal fenestrae, circular external naris, posterior margin of the skull table transversely straight to slightly concave, posterolateral margin of squamosal upturned throughout the entire dorsal lateral margin with a dorsoventral expansion in the posterior portion of the eminence," with the last trait being a unique trait within the subfamily Caimaninae.
• Natovenator is different from other halszkaraptorines due to features such as a wide groove delimited by a pair of ridges on the anterodorsal surface of the premaxilla, a premaxilla with an elongated internarial process that overlies nasal and extends posterior to the external naris, 13 premaxillary teeth with large and incisiviform crowns, the absence of pleurocoels in cervical vertebrae, and an hourglass-shaped metacarpal II, among other features.

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