Definition, Betydelse & Anagram | Engelska ordet CERIUM

Definition av CERIUM

1. cerium

Exempel på hur du använder CERIUM i en mening

• Also commonly present are rare earth metals including cerium and yttrium; calcium may be partly replaced by thorium.
• However, Rare-earth elements such as lanthanum (La) and cerium (Ce) are used in phosphors to improve light quality in some specialized searchlights.
• It contains calcium, niobium, tantalum, cerium, titanium, yttrium, and typically uranium and thorium, with some other metals.
• Gadolinite, sometimes known as ytterbite, is a silicate mineral consisting principally of the silicates of cerium, lanthanum, neodymium, yttrium, beryllium, and iron with the formula.
• Most bastnäsite is bastnäsite-(Ce), and cerium is by far the most common of the rare earths in this class of minerals.
• In 1841, Swedish chemist Carl Gustav Mosander extracted a rare-earth oxide residue he called didymium from a residue he called "lanthana", in turn separated from cerium salts.
• Extended to a lattice of magnetic impurities, the Kondo effect likely explains the formation of heavy fermions and Kondo insulators in intermetallic compounds, especially those involving rare earth elements such as cerium, praseodymium, and ytterbium, and actinide elements such as uranium.
• The rare-earth (cerium) and actinide (thorium) oxides in the mantle have a low emissivity in the infrared (in comparison with an ideal black body) but have high emissivity in the visible spectrum.
• Fujifilm claimed they were able to have as many as 14 layers of coating and used materials such as zirconium oxide, and cerium fluoride, which could not be used for coating in the conventional coating process.
• Mosander wrongly believed didymium to be an element and that cerite, isolated by Jöns Jakob Berzelius in 1803, was a mixture of cerium, lanthanum, and didymium.
• By 1840, Mosander had separated cerium oxide into yellow cerium oxide, white lanthanum oxide and a pinkish third component which he called "didymium" meaning "twin".
• This orange-red, water-soluble cerium salt is a specialised oxidizing agent in organic synthesis and a standard oxidant in quantitative analysis.
• It was historically produced by direct reaction of fine, calcined cerium (IV) oxide and concentrated sulfuric acid, yielding the tetrahydrate.
• Nodule formation is achieved by adding nodulizing elements, most commonly magnesium (magnesium boils at 1100 °C and iron melts at 1500 °C) and, less often now, cerium (usually in the form of mischmetal).
• Tetraborane can be produced via a reaction between acid and magnesium or beryllium borides, with smaller quantities from aluminum, manganese, and cerium borides.
• Undoped and doped ceria also exhibit high electronic conductivity at low partial pressures of oxygen due to reduction of the cerium ion leading to the formation of small polarons.
• The International Mineralogical Association lists four minerals in the allanite group, each recognized as a unique mineral: allanite-(Ce), allanite-(La), allanite-(Nd), and allanite-(Y), depending on the dominant rare earth present: cerium, lanthanum, neodymium or yttrium.
• Mesoporous oxides of niobium, tantalum, titanium, zirconium, cerium and tin have also been reported.
• Ferrocerium (also known in Europe as Auermetall) is a synthetic pyrophoric alloy of mischmetal (cerium, lanthanum, neodymium, other trace lanthanides and some iron – about 95% lanthanides and 5% iron) hardened by blending in oxides of iron and/or magnesium.
• Yttrium, cerium, neodymium, lanthanum, as well as trace to minor amounts of other REEs, are present in their structure.

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